🧊 3D週期表 (1 ~ 118)
#1 H — 氫 (Hydrogen / 簡:氢) (1.008 u)
Fuel of stars making up 75% of baryonic matter & key to clean energy
Hydrogen (symbol H, atomic number 1) is a reactive nonmetal in Period 1, Group 1 with a standard atomic weight of 1.008 u and ground-state electron configuration 1s¹ (shells: 1). Its melting point is -259.16 °C (13.99 K) and boiling point is -252.88 °C (20.271 K), with a density of 0.00008988 g/cm³.
#2 He — 氦 (Helium) (4.0026 u)
Cryogenic noble gas essential for MRI magnets, semiconductor fabs, and rockets
Helium (symbol He, atomic number 2) is a noble gas in Period 1, Group 18 with a standard atomic weight of 4.0026 u and ground-state electron configuration 1s² (shells: 2). Its melting point is -272.2 °C (0.95 K) and boiling point is -268.93 °C (4.222 K), with a density of 0.0001785 g/cm³.
#3 Li — 鋰 (Lithium / 簡:锂) (6.94 u)
White gold of the battery age — the lightest solid metal powering EVs
Lithium (symbol Li, atomic number 3) is a alkali metal in Period 2, Group 1 with a standard atomic weight of 6.94 u and ground-state electron configuration [He] 2s¹ (shells: 2-1). Its melting point is 180.5 °C (453.65 K) and boiling point is 1329.85 °C (1603 K), with a density of 0.534 g/cm³.
#4 Be — 鈹 (Beryllium / 簡:铍) (9.0122 u)
Period 2 Alkaline Earth Metal with electron configuration [He] 2s²
Beryllium (symbol Be, atomic number 4) is a alkaline earth metal in Period 2, Group 2 with a standard atomic weight of 9.0122 u and ground-state electron configuration [He] 2s² (shells: 2-2). Its melting point is 1286.85 °C (1560 K) and boiling point is 2468.85 °C (2742 K), with a density of 1.85 g/cm³.
#5 B — 硼 (Boron) (10.81 u)
Period 2 Metalloid with electron configuration [He] 2s² 2p¹
Boron (symbol B, atomic number 5) is a metalloid in Period 2, Group 13 with a standard atomic weight of 10.81 u and ground-state electron configuration [He] 2s² 2p¹ (shells: 2-3). Its melting point is 2075.85 °C (2349 K) and boiling point is 3926.85 °C (4200 K), with a density of 2.34 g/cm³.
#6 C — 碳 (Carbon) (12.011 u)
Architect of all organic life, diamond, graphite, carbon fiber, and graphene
Carbon (symbol C, atomic number 6) is a reactive nonmetal in Period 2, Group 14 with a standard atomic weight of 12.011 u and ground-state electron configuration [He] 2s² 2p² (shells: 2-4). Its melting point is 3549.85 °C (3823 K) and boiling point is 3824.85 °C (4098 K), with a density of 2.267 g/cm³.
#7 N — 氮 (Nitrogen) (14.007 u)
Foundation of global food production via fertilizers & semiconductor inert gas
Nitrogen (symbol N, atomic number 7) is a reactive nonmetal in Period 2, Group 15 with a standard atomic weight of 14.007 u and ground-state electron configuration [He] 2s² 2p³ (shells: 2-5). Its melting point is -210 °C (63.15 K) and boiling point is -195.79 °C (77.355 K), with a density of 0.0012506 g/cm³.
#8 O — 氧 (Oxygen) (15.999 u)
Most abundant element in Earth's crust (46%) driving respiration and combustion
Oxygen (symbol O, atomic number 8) is a reactive nonmetal in Period 2, Group 16 with a standard atomic weight of 15.999 u and ground-state electron configuration [He] 2s² 2p⁴ (shells: 2-6). Its melting point is -218.79 °C (54.36 K) and boiling point is -182.96 °C (90.188 K), with a density of 0.001429 g/cm³.
#9 F — 氟 (Fluorine) (18.998 u)
Most electronegative element essential for semiconductor etching & LiPF6
Fluorine (symbol F, atomic number 9) is a halogen in Period 2, Group 17 with a standard atomic weight of 18.998 u and ground-state electron configuration [He] 2s² 2p⁵ (shells: 2-7). Its melting point is -219.67 °C (53.48 K) and boiling point is -188.12 °C (85.03 K), with a density of 0.001696 g/cm³.
#10 Ne — 氖 (Neon) (20.18 u)
Period 2 Noble Gas with electron configuration [He] 2s² 2p⁶
Neon (symbol Ne, atomic number 10) is a noble gas in Period 2, Group 18 with a standard atomic weight of 20.18 u and ground-state electron configuration [He] 2s² 2p⁶ (shells: 2-8). Its melting point is -248.59 °C (24.56 K) and boiling point is -246.05 °C (27.104 K), with a density of 0.0008999 g/cm³.
#11 Na — 鈉 (Sodium / 簡:钠) (22.99 u)
Essential electrolyte of life (NaCl) and rising challenger to lithium batteries
Sodium (symbol Na, atomic number 11) is a alkali metal in Period 3, Group 1 with a standard atomic weight of 22.99 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ne] 3s¹ (shells: 2-8-1). Its melting point is 97.79 °C (370.944 K) and boiling point is 882.94 °C (1156.09 K), with a density of 0.971 g/cm³.
#12 Mg — 鎂 (Magnesium / 簡:镁) (24.305 u)
Core atom of plant chlorophyll and ultra-lightweight structural metal
Magnesium (symbol Mg, atomic number 12) is a alkaline earth metal in Period 3, Group 2 with a standard atomic weight of 24.305 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ne] 3s² (shells: 2-8-2). Its melting point is 649.85 °C (923 K) and boiling point is 1089.85 °C (1363 K), with a density of 1.738 g/cm³.
#13 Al — 鋁 (Aluminum / 簡:铝) (26.982 u)
Once pricier than gold — lightweight, corrosion-resistant metal of modern aviation
Aluminum (symbol Al, atomic number 13) is a post-transition metal in Period 3, Group 13 with a standard atomic weight of 26.982 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ne] 3s² 3p¹ (shells: 2-8-3). Its melting point is 660.32 °C (933.47 K) and boiling point is 2469.85 °C (2743 K), with a density of 2.7 g/cm³.
#14 Si — 矽 (Silicon / 簡:硅) (28.085 u)
Born from sand to power AI and smartphones — heart of the semiconductor era
Silicon (symbol Si, atomic number 14) is a metalloid in Period 3, Group 14 with a standard atomic weight of 28.085 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ne] 3s² 3p² (shells: 2-8-4). Its melting point is 1413.85 °C (1687 K) and boiling point is 3264.85 °C (3538 K), with a density of 2.3296 g/cm³.
#15 P — 磷 (Phosphorus) (30.974 u)
Period 3 Reactive Nonmetal with electron configuration [Ne] 3s² 3p³
Phosphorus (symbol P, atomic number 15) is a reactive nonmetal in Period 3, Group 15 with a standard atomic weight of 30.974 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ne] 3s² 3p³ (shells: 2-8-5). Its melting point is 44.15 °C (317.3 K) and boiling point is 280.55 °C (553.7 K), with a density of 1.823 g/cm³.
#16 S — 硫 (Sulfur) (32.06 u)
Period 3 Reactive Nonmetal with electron configuration [Ne] 3s² 3p⁴
Sulfur (symbol S, atomic number 16) is a reactive nonmetal in Period 3, Group 16 with a standard atomic weight of 32.06 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ne] 3s² 3p⁴ (shells: 2-8-6). Its melting point is 115.21 °C (388.36 K) and boiling point is 444.65 °C (717.8 K), with a density of 2.067 g/cm³.
#17 Cl — 氯 (Chlorine) (35.45 u)
Period 3 Halogen with electron configuration [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵
Chlorine (symbol Cl, atomic number 17) is a halogen in Period 3, Group 17 with a standard atomic weight of 35.45 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵ (shells: 2-8-7). Its melting point is -101.55 °C (171.6 K) and boiling point is -34.04 °C (239.11 K), with a density of 0.003214 g/cm³.
#18 Ar — 氬 (Argon / 簡:氩) (39.948 u)
Period 3 Noble Gas with electron configuration [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶
Argon (symbol Ar, atomic number 18) is a noble gas in Period 3, Group 18 with a standard atomic weight of 39.948 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶ (shells: 2-8-8). Its melting point is -189.34 °C (83.81 K) and boiling point is -185.85 °C (87.302 K), with a density of 0.0017837 g/cm³.
#19 K — 鉀 (Potassium / 簡:钾) (39.098 u)
Period 4 Alkali Metal with electron configuration [Ar] 4s¹
Potassium (symbol K, atomic number 19) is a alkali metal in Period 4, Group 1 with a standard atomic weight of 39.098 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 4s¹ (shells: 2-8-8-1). Its melting point is 63.55 °C (336.7 K) and boiling point is 758.85 °C (1032 K), with a density of 0.862 g/cm³.
#20 Ca — 鈣 (Calcium / 簡:钙) (40.078 u)
Structural backbone of human bones, teeth, coral reefs, and city concrete
Calcium (symbol Ca, atomic number 20) is a alkaline earth metal in Period 4, Group 2 with a standard atomic weight of 40.078 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 4s² (shells: 2-8-8-2). Its melting point is 841.85 °C (1115 K) and boiling point is 1483.85 °C (1757 K), with a density of 1.54 g/cm³.
#21 Sc — 鈧 (Scandium / 簡:钪) (44.956 u)
Period 4 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Ar] 3d¹ 4s²
Scandium (symbol Sc, atomic number 21) is a transition metal in Period 4, Group 3 with a standard atomic weight of 44.956 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 3d¹ 4s² (shells: 2-8-9-2). Its melting point is 1540.85 °C (1814 K) and boiling point is 2835.85 °C (3109 K), with a density of 2.989 g/cm³.
#22 Ti — 鈦 (Titanium / 簡:钛) (47.867 u)
Strong as steel at half the weight — biocompatible metal for aerospace & implants
Titanium (symbol Ti, atomic number 22) is a transition metal in Period 4, Group 4 with a standard atomic weight of 47.867 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 3d² 4s² (shells: 2-8-10-2). Its melting point is 1667.85 °C (1941 K) and boiling point is 3286.85 °C (3560 K), with a density of 4.506 g/cm³.
#23 V — 釩 (Vanadium / 簡:钒) (50.942 u)
Period 4 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Ar] 3d³ 4s²
Vanadium (symbol V, atomic number 23) is a transition metal in Period 4, Group 5 with a standard atomic weight of 50.942 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 3d³ 4s² (shells: 2-8-11-2). Its melting point is 1909.85 °C (2183 K) and boiling point is 3406.85 °C (3680 K), with a density of 6.11 g/cm³.
#24 Cr — 鉻 (Chromium / 簡:铬) (51.996 u)
Period 4 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹
Chromium (symbol Cr, atomic number 24) is a transition metal in Period 4, Group 6 with a standard atomic weight of 51.996 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ (shells: 2-8-13-1). Its melting point is 1906.85 °C (2180 K) and boiling point is 2670.85 °C (2944 K), with a density of 7.19 g/cm³.
#25 Mn — 錳 (Manganese / 簡:锰) (54.938 u)
Period 4 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s²
Manganese (symbol Mn, atomic number 25) is a transition metal in Period 4, Group 7 with a standard atomic weight of 54.938 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s² (shells: 2-8-13-2). Its melting point is 1245.85 °C (1519 K) and boiling point is 2060.85 °C (2334 K), with a density of 7.44 g/cm³.
#26 Fe — 鐵 (Iron / 簡:铁) (55.845 u)
Final endpoint of stellar fusion, Earth's magnetic core, and the backbone of industry
Iron (symbol Fe, atomic number 26) is a transition metal in Period 4, Group 8 with a standard atomic weight of 55.845 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 3d⁶ 4s² (shells: 2-8-14-2). Its melting point is 1537.85 °C (1811 K) and boiling point is 2860.85 °C (3134 K), with a density of 7.874 g/cm³.
#27 Co — 鈷 (Cobalt / 簡:钴) (58.933 u)
From cobalt blue pigments to the thermal stabilizer of NCM EV batteries
Cobalt (symbol Co, atomic number 27) is a transition metal in Period 4, Group 9 with a standard atomic weight of 58.933 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 3d⁷ 4s² (shells: 2-8-15-2). Its melting point is 1494.85 °C (1768 K) and boiling point is 2926.85 °C (3200 K), with a density of 8.86 g/cm³.
#28 Ni — 鎳 (Nickel / 簡:镍) (58.693 u)
Key to corrosion-free stainless steel and long-range High-Nickel EV batteries
Nickel (symbol Ni, atomic number 28) is a transition metal in Period 4, Group 10 with a standard atomic weight of 58.693 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s² (shells: 2-8-16-2). Its melting point is 1454.85 °C (1728 K) and boiling point is 2912.85 °C (3186 K), with a density of 8.912 g/cm³.
#29 Cu — 銅 (Copper / 簡:铜) (63.546 u)
Humanity's first metal and the electrical bloodstream of EVs & AI data centers
Copper (symbol Cu, atomic number 29) is a transition metal in Period 4, Group 11 with a standard atomic weight of 63.546 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ (shells: 2-8-18-1). Its melting point is 1084.62 °C (1357.77 K) and boiling point is 2561.85 °C (2835 K), with a density of 8.96 g/cm³.
#30 Zn — 鋅 (Zinc / 簡:锌) (65.38 u)
Sacrificial shield protecting steel from rust & essential mineral for human immunity
Zinc (symbol Zn, atomic number 30) is a transition metal in Period 4, Group 12 with a standard atomic weight of 65.38 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² (shells: 2-8-18-2). Its melting point is 419.53 °C (692.68 K) and boiling point is 906.85 °C (1180 K), with a density of 7.134 g/cm³.
#31 Ga — 鎵 (Gallium / 簡:镓) (69.723 u)
Melts in your palm at 29.76°C — backbone of blue LEDs and GaN power chips
Gallium (symbol Ga, atomic number 31) is a post-transition metal in Period 4, Group 13 with a standard atomic weight of 69.723 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹ (shells: 2-8-18-3). Its melting point is 29.76 °C (302.91 K) and boiling point is 2399.85 °C (2673 K), with a density of 5.907 g/cm³.
#32 Ge — 鍺 (Germanium / 簡:锗) (72.63 u)
Birthplace of the first transistor — vital for fiber optics and IR night vision
Germanium (symbol Ge, atomic number 32) is a metalloid in Period 4, Group 14 with a standard atomic weight of 72.63 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p² (shells: 2-8-18-4). Its melting point is 938.25 °C (1211.4 K) and boiling point is 2832.85 °C (3106 K), with a density of 5.323 g/cm³.
#33 As — 砷 (Arsenic) (74.922 u)
Period 4 Metalloid with electron configuration [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p³
Arsenic (symbol As, atomic number 33) is a metalloid in Period 4, Group 15 with a standard atomic weight of 74.922 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p³ (shells: 2-8-18-5). Its melting point is 816.85 °C (1090 K) and boiling point is 613.85 °C (887 K), with a density of 5.776 g/cm³.
#34 Se — 硒 (Selenium) (78.971 u)
Period 4 Reactive Nonmetal with electron configuration [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴
Selenium (symbol Se, atomic number 34) is a reactive nonmetal in Period 4, Group 16 with a standard atomic weight of 78.971 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴ (shells: 2-8-18-6). Its melting point is 220.85 °C (494 K) and boiling point is 684.85 °C (958 K), with a density of 4.809 g/cm³.
#35 Br — 溴 (Bromine) (79.904 u)
Period 4 Halogen with electron configuration [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵
Bromine (symbol Br, atomic number 35) is a halogen in Period 4, Group 17 with a standard atomic weight of 79.904 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵ (shells: 2-8-18-7). Its melting point is -7.35 °C (265.8 K) and boiling point is 58.85 °C (332 K), with a density of 3.122 g/cm³.
#36 Kr — 氪 (Krypton) (83.798 u)
Period 4 Noble Gas with electron configuration [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶
Krypton (symbol Kr, atomic number 36) is a noble gas in Period 4, Group 18 with a standard atomic weight of 83.798 u and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ (shells: 2-8-18-8). Its melting point is -157.37 °C (115.78 K) and boiling point is -153.22 °C (119.93 K), with a density of 0.003733 g/cm³.
#37 Rb — 銣 (Rubidium / 簡:铷) (85.468 u)
Period 5 Alkali Metal with electron configuration [Kr] 5s¹
Rubidium (symbol Rb, atomic number 37) is a alkali metal in Period 5, Group 1 with a standard atomic weight of 85.468 u and ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 5s¹ (shells: 2-8-18-8-1). Its melting point is 39.3 °C (312.45 K) and boiling point is 687.85 °C (961 K), with a density of 1.532 g/cm³.
#38 Sr — 鍶 (Strontium / 簡:锶) (87.62 u)
Period 5 Alkaline Earth Metal with electron configuration [Kr] 5s²
Strontium (symbol Sr, atomic number 38) is a alkaline earth metal in Period 5, Group 2 with a standard atomic weight of 87.62 u and ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 5s² (shells: 2-8-18-8-2). Its melting point is 776.85 °C (1050 K) and boiling point is 1376.85 °C (1650 K), with a density of 2.64 g/cm³.
#39 Y — 釔 (Yttrium / 簡:钇) (88.906 u)
Period 5 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹ 5s²
Yttrium (symbol Y, atomic number 39) is a transition metal in Period 5, Group 3 with a standard atomic weight of 88.906 u and ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹ 5s² (shells: 2-8-18-9-2). Its melting point is 1525.85 °C (1799 K) and boiling point is 2929.85 °C (3203 K), with a density of 4.469 g/cm³.
#40 Zr — 鋯 (Zirconium / 簡:锆) (91.224 u)
Period 5 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Kr] 4d² 5s²
Zirconium (symbol Zr, atomic number 40) is a transition metal in Period 5, Group 4 with a standard atomic weight of 91.224 u and ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 4d² 5s² (shells: 2-8-18-10-2). Its melting point is 1854.85 °C (2128 K) and boiling point is 4376.85 °C (4650 K), with a density of 6.506 g/cm³.
#41 Nb — 鈮 (Niobium / 簡:铌) (92.906 u)
Period 5 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹
Niobium (symbol Nb, atomic number 41) is a transition metal in Period 5, Group 5 with a standard atomic weight of 92.906 u and ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹ (shells: 2-8-18-12-1). Its melting point is 2476.85 °C (2750 K) and boiling point is 4743.85 °C (5017 K), with a density of 8.57 g/cm³.
#42 Mo — 鉬 (Molybdenum / 簡:钼) (95.95 u)
Period 5 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹
Molybdenum (symbol Mo, atomic number 42) is a transition metal in Period 5, Group 6 with a standard atomic weight of 95.95 u and ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹ (shells: 2-8-18-13-1). Its melting point is 2622.85 °C (2896 K) and boiling point is 4638.85 °C (4912 K), with a density of 10.22 g/cm³.
#43 Tc — 鎝 (Technetium / 簡:锝) (98 u)
Period 5 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s²
Technetium (symbol Tc, atomic number 43) is a transition metal in Period 5, Group 7 with a standard atomic weight of 98 u and ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s² (shells: 2-8-18-13-2). Its melting point is 2156.85 °C (2430 K) and boiling point is 4264.85 °C (4538 K), with a density of 11.5 g/cm³.
#44 Ru — 釕 (Ruthenium / 簡:钌) (101.07 u)
Period 5 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Kr] 4d⁷ 5s¹
Ruthenium (symbol Ru, atomic number 44) is a transition metal in Period 5, Group 8 with a standard atomic weight of 101.07 u and ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 4d⁷ 5s¹ (shells: 2-8-18-15-1). Its melting point is 2333.85 °C (2607 K) and boiling point is 4149.85 °C (4423 K), with a density of 12.37 g/cm³.
#45 Rh — 銠 (Rhodium / 簡:铑) (102.91 u)
Period 5 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Kr] 4d⁸ 5s¹
Rhodium (symbol Rh, atomic number 45) is a transition metal in Period 5, Group 9 with a standard atomic weight of 102.91 u and ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 4d⁸ 5s¹ (shells: 2-8-18-16-1). Its melting point is 1963.85 °C (2237 K) and boiling point is 3694.85 °C (3968 K), with a density of 12.41 g/cm³.
#46 Pd — 鈀 (Palladium / 簡:钯) (106.42 u)
Period 5 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰
Palladium (symbol Pd, atomic number 46) is a transition metal in Period 5, Group 10 with a standard atomic weight of 106.42 u and ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ (shells: 2-8-18-18). Its melting point is 1554.9 °C (1828.05 K) and boiling point is 2962.85 °C (3236 K), with a density of 12.02 g/cm³.
#47 Ag — 銀 (Silver / 簡:银) (107.87 u)
#1 electrical & thermal conductor among all metals — vital for solar cells & electronics
Silver (symbol Ag, atomic number 47) is a transition metal in Period 5, Group 11 with a standard atomic weight of 107.87 u and ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s¹ (shells: 2-8-18-18-1). Its melting point is 961.78 °C (1234.93 K) and boiling point is 2161.85 °C (2435 K), with a density of 10.49 g/cm³.
#48 Cd — 鎘 (Cadmium / 簡:镉) (112.41 u)
Period 5 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s²
Cadmium (symbol Cd, atomic number 48) is a transition metal in Period 5, Group 12 with a standard atomic weight of 112.41 u and ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² (shells: 2-8-18-18-2). Its melting point is 321.07 °C (594.22 K) and boiling point is 766.85 °C (1040 K), with a density of 8.69 g/cm³.
#49 In — 銦 (Indium / 簡:铟) (114.82 u)
Conducts electricity while staying transparent — magic behind every touch screen (ITO)
Indium (symbol In, atomic number 49) is a post-transition metal in Period 5, Group 13 with a standard atomic weight of 114.82 u and ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p¹ (shells: 2-8-18-18-3). Its melting point is 156.6 °C (429.75 K) and boiling point is 2071.85 °C (2345 K), with a density of 7.31 g/cm³.
#50 Sn — 錫 (Tin / 簡:锡) (118.71 u)
Period 5 Post-Transition Metal with electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²
Tin (symbol Sn, atomic number 50) is a post-transition metal in Period 5, Group 14 with a standard atomic weight of 118.71 u and ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p² (shells: 2-8-18-18-4). Its melting point is 231.93 °C (505.08 K) and boiling point is 2601.85 °C (2875 K), with a density of 7.287 g/cm³.
#51 Sb — 銻 (Antimony / 簡:锑) (121.76 u)
Period 5 Metalloid with electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³
Antimony (symbol Sb, atomic number 51) is a metalloid in Period 5, Group 15 with a standard atomic weight of 121.76 u and ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³ (shells: 2-8-18-18-5). Its melting point is 630.63 °C (903.78 K) and boiling point is 1586.85 °C (1860 K), with a density of 6.685 g/cm³.
#52 Te — 碲 (Tellurium) (127.6 u)
Period 5 Metalloid with electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁴
Tellurium (symbol Te, atomic number 52) is a metalloid in Period 5, Group 16 with a standard atomic weight of 127.6 u and ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁴ (shells: 2-8-18-18-6). Its melting point is 449.51 °C (722.66 K) and boiling point is 987.85 °C (1261 K), with a density of 6.232 g/cm³.
#53 I — 碘 (Iodine) (126.9 u)
Essential for thyroid hormones, povidone antiseptics, and LCD polarizer films
Iodine (symbol I, atomic number 53) is a halogen in Period 5, Group 17 with a standard atomic weight of 126.9 u and ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁵ (shells: 2-8-18-18-7). Its melting point is 113.7 °C (386.85 K) and boiling point is 184.25 °C (457.4 K), with a density of 4.93 g/cm³.
#54 Xe — 氙 (Xenon) (131.29 u)
Period 5 Noble Gas with electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶
Xenon (symbol Xe, atomic number 54) is a noble gas in Period 5, Group 18 with a standard atomic weight of 131.29 u and ground-state electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ (shells: 2-8-18-18-8). Its melting point is -111.75 °C (161.4 K) and boiling point is -108.12 °C (165.03 K), with a density of 0.005887 g/cm³.
#55 Cs — 銫 (Cesium / 簡:铯) (132.91 u)
Period 6 Alkali Metal with electron configuration [Xe] 6s¹
Cesium (symbol Cs, atomic number 55) is a alkali metal in Period 6, Group 1 with a standard atomic weight of 132.91 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 6s¹ (shells: 2-8-18-18-8-1). Its melting point is 28.44 °C (301.59 K) and boiling point is 670.85 °C (944 K), with a density of 1.873 g/cm³.
#56 Ba — 鋇 (Barium / 簡:钡) (137.33 u)
Period 6 Alkaline Earth Metal with electron configuration [Xe] 6s²
Barium (symbol Ba, atomic number 56) is a alkaline earth metal in Period 6, Group 2 with a standard atomic weight of 137.33 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-18-8-2). Its melting point is 726.85 °C (1000 K) and boiling point is 1896.85 °C (2170 K), with a density of 3.594 g/cm³.
#57 La — 鑭 (Lanthanum / 簡:镧) (138.91 u)
Period 6 Lanthanide with electron configuration [Xe] 5d¹ 6s²
Lanthanum (symbol La, atomic number 57) is a lanthanide in Period 6 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 138.91 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 5d¹ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-18-9-2). Its melting point is 919.85 °C (1193 K) and boiling point is 3463.85 °C (3737 K), with a density of 6.145 g/cm³.
#58 Ce — 鈰 (Cerium / 簡:铈) (140.12 u)
Period 6 Lanthanide with electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s²
Cerium (symbol Ce, atomic number 58) is a lanthanide in Period 6 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 140.12 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-19-9-2). Its melting point is 794.85 °C (1068 K) and boiling point is 3442.85 °C (3716 K), with a density of 6.77 g/cm³.
#59 Pr — 鐠 (Praseodymium / 簡:镨) (140.91 u)
Period 6 Lanthanide with electron configuration [Xe] 4f³ 6s²
Praseodymium (symbol Pr, atomic number 59) is a lanthanide in Period 6 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 140.91 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f³ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-21-8-2). Its melting point is 934.85 °C (1208 K) and boiling point is 3519.85 °C (3793 K), with a density of 6.773 g/cm³.
#60 Nd — 釹 (Neodymium / 簡:钕) (144.24 u)
King of rare earths creating the world's strongest permanent magnets for EV motors
Neodymium (symbol Nd, atomic number 60) is a lanthanide in Period 6 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 144.24 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f⁴ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-22-8-2). Its melting point is 1023.85 °C (1297 K) and boiling point is 3073.85 °C (3347 K), with a density of 7.007 g/cm³.
#61 Pm — 鉕 (Promethium / 簡:钷) (145 u)
Period 6 Lanthanide with electron configuration [Xe] 4f⁵ 6s²
Promethium (symbol Pm, atomic number 61) is a lanthanide in Period 6 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 145 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f⁵ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-23-8-2). Its melting point is 1041.85 °C (1315 K) and boiling point is 2999.85 °C (3273 K), with a density of 7.26 g/cm³.
#62 Sm — 釤 (Samarium / 簡:钐) (150.36 u)
Period 6 Lanthanide with electron configuration [Xe] 4f⁶ 6s²
Samarium (symbol Sm, atomic number 62) is a lanthanide in Period 6 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 150.36 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f⁶ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-24-8-2). Its melting point is 1071.85 °C (1345 K) and boiling point is 1793.85 °C (2067 K), with a density of 7.52 g/cm³.
#63 Eu — 銪 (Europium / 簡:铕) (151.96 u)
Period 6 Lanthanide with electron configuration [Xe] 4f⁷ 6s²
Europium (symbol Eu, atomic number 63) is a lanthanide in Period 6 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 151.96 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f⁷ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-25-8-2). Its melting point is 825.85 °C (1099 K) and boiling point is 1528.85 °C (1802 K), with a density of 5.243 g/cm³.
#64 Gd — 釓 (Gadolinium / 簡:钆) (157.25 u)
Period 6 Lanthanide with electron configuration [Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²
Gadolinium (symbol Gd, atomic number 64) is a lanthanide in Period 6 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 157.25 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-25-9-2). Its melting point is 1311.85 °C (1585 K) and boiling point is 3272.85 °C (3546 K), with a density of 7.895 g/cm³.
#65 Tb — 鋱 (Terbium / 簡:铽) (158.93 u)
Period 6 Lanthanide with electron configuration [Xe] 4f⁹ 6s²
Terbium (symbol Tb, atomic number 65) is a lanthanide in Period 6 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 158.93 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f⁹ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-27-8-2). Its melting point is 1355.85 °C (1629 K) and boiling point is 3229.85 °C (3503 K), with a density of 8.229 g/cm³.
#66 Dy — 鏑 (Dysprosium / 簡:镝) (162.5 u)
Period 6 Lanthanide with electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁰ 6s²
Dysprosium (symbol Dy, atomic number 66) is a lanthanide in Period 6 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 162.5 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁰ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-28-8-2). Its melting point is 1406.85 °C (1680 K) and boiling point is 2566.85 °C (2840 K), with a density of 8.55 g/cm³.
#67 Ho — 鈥 (Holmium / 簡:钬) (164.93 u)
Period 6 Lanthanide with electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹¹ 6s²
Holmium (symbol Ho, atomic number 67) is a lanthanide in Period 6 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 164.93 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹¹ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-29-8-2). Its melting point is 1460.85 °C (1734 K) and boiling point is 2719.85 °C (2993 K), with a density of 8.795 g/cm³.
#68 Er — 鉺 (Erbium / 簡:铒) (167.26 u)
Period 6 Lanthanide with electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹² 6s²
Erbium (symbol Er, atomic number 68) is a lanthanide in Period 6 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 167.26 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹² 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-30-8-2). Its melting point is 1528.85 °C (1802 K) and boiling point is 2867.85 °C (3141 K), with a density of 9.066 g/cm³.
#69 Tm — 銩 (Thulium / 簡:铥) (168.93 u)
Period 6 Lanthanide with electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹³ 6s²
Thulium (symbol Tm, atomic number 69) is a lanthanide in Period 6 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 168.93 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹³ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-31-8-2). Its melting point is 1544.85 °C (1818 K) and boiling point is 1949.85 °C (2223 K), with a density of 9.321 g/cm³.
#70 Yb — 鐿 (Ytterbium / 簡:镱) (173.05 u)
Period 6 Lanthanide with electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 6s²
Ytterbium (symbol Yb, atomic number 70) is a lanthanide in Period 6 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 173.05 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-8-2). Its melting point is 823.85 °C (1097 K) and boiling point is 1195.85 °C (1469 K), with a density of 6.965 g/cm³.
#71 Lu — 鎦 (Lutetium / 簡:镥) (174.97 u)
Period 6 Lanthanide with electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹ 6s²
Lutetium (symbol Lu, atomic number 71) is a lanthanide in Period 6, Group 3 with a standard atomic weight of 174.97 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-9-2). Its melting point is 1651.85 °C (1925 K) and boiling point is 3401.85 °C (3675 K), with a density of 9.84 g/cm³.
#72 Hf — 鉿 (Hafnium / 簡:铪) (178.49 u)
Period 6 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²
Hafnium (symbol Hf, atomic number 72) is a transition metal in Period 6, Group 4 with a standard atomic weight of 178.49 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-10-2). Its melting point is 2232.85 °C (2506 K) and boiling point is 4602.85 °C (4876 K), with a density of 13.31 g/cm³.
#73 Ta — 鉭 (Tantalum / 簡:钽) (180.95 u)
Period 6 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d³ 6s²
Tantalum (symbol Ta, atomic number 73) is a transition metal in Period 6, Group 5 with a standard atomic weight of 180.95 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d³ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-11-2). Its melting point is 3016.85 °C (3290 K) and boiling point is 5457.85 °C (5731 K), with a density of 16.654 g/cm³.
#74 W — 鎢 (Tungsten / 簡:钨) (183.84 u)
Highest melting point of all metals (3,422°C) — from filaments to chip interconnects
Tungsten (symbol W, atomic number 74) is a transition metal in Period 6, Group 6 with a standard atomic weight of 183.84 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁴ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-12-2). Its melting point is 3421.85 °C (3695 K) and boiling point is 5554.85 °C (5828 K), with a density of 19.25 g/cm³.
#75 Re — 錸 (Rhenium / 簡:铼) (186.21 u)
Period 6 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁵ 6s²
Rhenium (symbol Re, atomic number 75) is a transition metal in Period 6, Group 7 with a standard atomic weight of 186.21 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁵ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-13-2). Its melting point is 3185.85 °C (3459 K) and boiling point is 5595.85 °C (5869 K), with a density of 21.02 g/cm³.
#76 Os — 鋨 (Osmium / 簡:锇) (190.23 u)
Period 6 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁶ 6s²
Osmium (symbol Os, atomic number 76) is a transition metal in Period 6, Group 8 with a standard atomic weight of 190.23 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁶ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-14-2). Its melting point is 3032.85 °C (3306 K) and boiling point is 5011.85 °C (5285 K), with a density of 22.59 g/cm³.
#77 Ir — 銥 (Iridium / 簡:铱) (192.22 u)
Period 6 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁷ 6s²
Iridium (symbol Ir, atomic number 77) is a transition metal in Period 6, Group 9 with a standard atomic weight of 192.22 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁷ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-15-2). Its melting point is 2445.85 °C (2719 K) and boiling point is 4427.85 °C (4701 K), with a density of 22.56 g/cm³.
#78 Pt — 鉑 (Platinum / 簡:铂) (195.08 u)
Noble catalyst driving clean exhaust converters, hydrogen fuel cells, and anti-cancer drugs
Platinum (symbol Pt, atomic number 78) is a transition metal in Period 6, Group 10 with a standard atomic weight of 195.08 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁹ 6s¹ (shells: 2-8-18-32-17-1). Its melting point is 1768.25 °C (2041.4 K) and boiling point is 3824.85 °C (4098 K), with a density of 21.45 g/cm³.
#79 Au — 金 (Gold) (196.97 u)
6,000 years as humanity's ultimate store of value & corrosion-proof conductor
Gold (symbol Au, atomic number 79) is a transition metal in Period 6, Group 11 with a standard atomic weight of 196.97 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹ (shells: 2-8-18-32-18-1). Its melting point is 1064.18 °C (1337.33 K) and boiling point is 2855.85 °C (3129 K), with a density of 19.3 g/cm³.
#80 Hg — 汞 (Mercury) (200.59 u)
The only metal liquid at room temperature — historic barometer metal now strictly regulated
Mercury (symbol Hg, atomic number 80) is a transition metal in Period 6, Group 12 with a standard atomic weight of 200.59 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-18-2). Its melting point is -38.83 °C (234.32 K) and boiling point is 356.73 °C (629.88 K), with a density of 13.534 g/cm³.
#81 Tl — 鉈 (Thallium / 簡:铊) (204.38 u)
Period 6 Post-Transition Metal with electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹
Thallium (symbol Tl, atomic number 81) is a post-transition metal in Period 6, Group 13 with a standard atomic weight of 204.38 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹ (shells: 2-8-18-32-18-3). Its melting point is 303.85 °C (577 K) and boiling point is 1472.85 °C (1746 K), with a density of 11.85 g/cm³.
#82 Pb — 鉛 (Lead / 簡:铅) (207.2 u)
Heavy metal powering 12V starter batteries and shielding against X-rays & radiation
Lead (symbol Pb, atomic number 82) is a post-transition metal in Period 6, Group 14 with a standard atomic weight of 207.2 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p² (shells: 2-8-18-32-18-4). Its melting point is 327.46 °C (600.61 K) and boiling point is 1748.85 °C (2022 K), with a density of 11.34 g/cm³.
#83 Bi — 鉍 (Bismuth / 簡:铋) (208.98 u)
Period 6 Post-Transition Metal with electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³
Bismuth (symbol Bi, atomic number 83) is a post-transition metal in Period 6, Group 15 with a standard atomic weight of 208.98 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³ (shells: 2-8-18-32-18-5). Its melting point is 271.55 °C (544.7 K) and boiling point is 1563.85 °C (1837 K), with a density of 9.78 g/cm³.
#84 Po — 釙 (Polonium / 簡:钋) (209 u)
Period 6 Post-Transition Metal with electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁴
Polonium (symbol Po, atomic number 84) is a post-transition metal in Period 6, Group 16 with a standard atomic weight of 209 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁴ (shells: 2-8-18-32-18-6). Its melting point is 253.85 °C (527 K) and boiling point is 961.85 °C (1235 K), with a density of 9.196 g/cm³.
#85 At — 砈 (Astatine / 簡:砹) (210 u)
Period 6 Halogen with electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁵
Astatine (symbol At, atomic number 85) is a halogen in Period 6, Group 17 with a standard atomic weight of 210 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁵ (shells: 2-8-18-32-18-7). Its melting point is 301.85 °C (575 K) and boiling point is 336.85 °C (610 K), with a density of 7 g/cm³.
#86 Rn — 氡 (Radon) (222 u)
Period 6 Noble Gas with electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁶
Radon (symbol Rn, atomic number 86) is a noble gas in Period 6, Group 18 with a standard atomic weight of 222 u and ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁶ (shells: 2-8-18-32-18-8). Its melting point is -71.15 °C (202 K) and boiling point is -61.85 °C (211.3 K), with a density of 0.00973 g/cm³.
#87 Fr — 鍅 (Francium / 簡:钫) (223 u)
Period 7 Alkali Metal with electron configuration [Rn] 7s¹
Francium (symbol Fr, atomic number 87) is a alkali metal in Period 7, Group 1 with a standard atomic weight of 223 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 7s¹ (shells: 2-8-18-32-18-8-1). Its melting point is 26.85 °C (300 K) and boiling point is 676.85 °C (950 K), with a density of 1.87 g/cm³.
#88 Ra — 鐳 (Radium / 簡:镭) (226 u)
Period 7 Alkaline Earth Metal with electron configuration [Rn] 7s²
Radium (symbol Ra, atomic number 88) is a alkaline earth metal in Period 7, Group 2 with a standard atomic weight of 226 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-18-8-2). Its melting point is 699.85 °C (973 K) and boiling point is 1736.85 °C (2010 K), with a density of 5.5 g/cm³.
#89 Ac — 錒 (Actinium / 簡:锕) (227 u)
Period 7 Actinide with electron configuration [Rn] 6d¹ 7s²
Actinium (symbol Ac, atomic number 89) is a actinide in Period 7 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 227 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 6d¹ 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-18-9-2). Its melting point is 1049.85 °C (1323 K) and boiling point is 3197.85 °C (3471 K), with a density of 10.07 g/cm³.
#90 Th — 釷 (Thorium / 簡:钍) (232.04 u)
Period 7 Actinide with electron configuration [Rn] 6d² 7s²
Thorium (symbol Th, atomic number 90) is a actinide in Period 7 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 232.04 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 6d² 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-18-10-2). Its melting point is 1841.85 °C (2115 K) and boiling point is 4787.85 °C (5061 K), with a density of 11.72 g/cm³.
#91 Pa — 鏷 (Protactinium / 簡:镤) (231.04 u)
Period 7 Actinide with electron configuration [Rn] 5f² 6d¹ 7s²
Protactinium (symbol Pa, atomic number 91) is a actinide in Period 7 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 231.04 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f² 6d¹ 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-20-9-2). Its melting point is 1567.85 °C (1841 K) and boiling point is 4026.85 °C (4300 K), with a density of 15.37 g/cm³.
#92 U — 鈾 (Uranium / 簡:铀) (238.03 u)
1 gram equals 3 tons of coal — nuclear fission powerhouse driving the AI data center era
Uranium (symbol U, atomic number 92) is a actinide in Period 7 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 238.03 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f³ 6d¹ 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-21-9-2). Its melting point is 1132.15 °C (1405.3 K) and boiling point is 4130.85 °C (4404 K), with a density of 19.1 g/cm³.
#93 Np — 錼 (Neptunium / 簡:镎) (237 u)
Period 7 Actinide with electron configuration [Rn] 5f⁴ 6d¹ 7s²
Neptunium (symbol Np, atomic number 93) is a actinide in Period 7 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 237 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f⁴ 6d¹ 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-22-9-2). Its melting point is 643.85 °C (917 K) and boiling point is 3999.85 °C (4273 K), with a density of 20.45 g/cm³.
#94 Pu — 鈽 (Plutonium / 簡:钚) (244 u)
Period 7 Actinide with electron configuration [Rn] 5f⁶ 7s²
Plutonium (symbol Pu, atomic number 94) is a actinide in Period 7 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 244 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f⁶ 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-24-8-2). Its melting point is 639.35 °C (912.5 K) and boiling point is 3227.85 °C (3501 K), with a density of 19.84 g/cm³.
#95 Am — 鋂 (Americium / 簡:镅) (243 u)
Period 7 Actinide with electron configuration [Rn] 5f⁷ 7s²
Americium (symbol Am, atomic number 95) is a actinide in Period 7 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 243 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f⁷ 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-25-8-2). Its melting point is 1175.85 °C (1449 K) and boiling point is 2606.85 °C (2880 K), with a density of 13.69 g/cm³.
#96 Cm — 鋦 (Curium / 簡:锔) (247 u)
Period 7 Actinide with electron configuration [Rn] 5f⁷ 6d¹ 7s²
Curium (symbol Cm, atomic number 96) is a actinide in Period 7 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 247 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f⁷ 6d¹ 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-25-9-2). Its melting point is 1339.85 °C (1613 K) and boiling point is 3109.85 °C (3383 K), with a density of 13.51 g/cm³.
#97 Bk — 鉳 (Berkelium / 簡:锫) (247 u)
Period 7 Actinide with electron configuration [Rn] 5f⁹ 7s²
Berkelium (symbol Bk, atomic number 97) is a actinide in Period 7 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 247 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f⁹ 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-27-8-2). Its melting point is 985.85 °C (1259 K) and boiling point is 2626.85 °C (2900 K), with a density of 14.79 g/cm³.
#98 Cf — 鉲 (Californium / 簡:锎) (251 u)
Period 7 Actinide with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁰ 7s²
Californium (symbol Cf, atomic number 98) is a actinide in Period 7 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 251 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁰ 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-28-8-2). Its melting point is 899.85 °C (1173 K) and boiling point is 1469.85 °C (1743 K), with a density of 15.1 g/cm³.
#99 Es — 鑀 (Einsteinium / 簡:锿) (252 u)
Period 7 Actinide with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹¹ 7s²
Einsteinium (symbol Es, atomic number 99) is a actinide in Period 7 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 252 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹¹ 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-29-8-2). Its melting point is 859.85 °C (1133 K) and boiling point is 995.85 °C (1269 K), with a density of 8.84 g/cm³.
#100 Fm — 鐨 (Fermium / 簡:镄) (257 u)
Period 7 Actinide with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹² 7s²
Fermium (symbol Fm, atomic number 100) is a actinide in Period 7 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 257 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹² 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-30-8-2). Its melting point is 1526.85 °C (1800 K).
#101 Md — 鍆 (Mendelevium / 簡:钔) (258 u)
Period 7 Actinide with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹³ 7s²
Mendelevium (symbol Md, atomic number 101) is a actinide in Period 7 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 258 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹³ 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-31-8-2). Its melting point is 826.85 °C (1100 K).
#102 No — 鍩 (Nobelium / 簡:锘) (259 u)
Period 7 Actinide with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s²
Nobelium (symbol No, atomic number 102) is a actinide in Period 7 (f-block series) with a standard atomic weight of 259 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-32-8-2). Its melting point is 826.85 °C (1100 K).
#103 Lr — 鐒 (Lawrencium / 簡:铹) (266 u)
Period 7 Actinide with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s² 7p¹
Lawrencium (symbol Lr, atomic number 103) is a actinide in Period 7, Group 3 with a standard atomic weight of 266 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s² 7p¹ (shells: 2-8-18-32-32-8-3). Its melting point is 1626.85 °C (1900 K).
#104 Rf — 鑪 (Rutherfordium / 簡:𬬻) (267 u)
Period 7 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d² 7s²
Rutherfordium (symbol Rf, atomic number 104) is a transition metal in Period 7, Group 4 with a standard atomic weight of 267 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d² 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-32-10-2). Its melting point is 2126.85 °C (2400 K) and boiling point is 5526.85 °C (5800 K), with a density of 23.2 g/cm³.
#105 Db — 𨧀 (Dubnium / 簡:𬭊) (268 u)
Period 7 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d³ 7s²
Dubnium (symbol Db, atomic number 105) is a transition metal in Period 7, Group 5 with a standard atomic weight of 268 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d³ 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-32-11-2)., with a density of 29.3 g/cm³.
#106 Sg — 𨭎 (Seaborgium / 簡:𬭳) (269 u)
Period 7 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁴ 7s²
Seaborgium (symbol Sg, atomic number 106) is a transition metal in Period 7, Group 6 with a standard atomic weight of 269 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁴ 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-32-12-2)., with a density of 35 g/cm³.
#107 Bh — 𨨏 (Bohrium / 簡:𬭛) (270 u)
Period 7 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁵ 7s²
Bohrium (symbol Bh, atomic number 107) is a transition metal in Period 7, Group 7 with a standard atomic weight of 270 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁵ 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-32-13-2)., with a density of 37.1 g/cm³.
#108 Hs — 𨭆 (Hassium / 簡:𬭶) (277 u)
Period 7 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁶ 7s²
Hassium (symbol Hs, atomic number 108) is a transition metal in Period 7, Group 8 with a standard atomic weight of 277 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁶ 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-32-14-2)., with a density of 40.7 g/cm³.
#109 Mt — 䥑 (Meitnerium / 簡:鿏) (278 u)
Period 7 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁷ 7s²
Meitnerium (symbol Mt, atomic number 109) is a transition metal in Period 7, Group 9 with a standard atomic weight of 278 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁷ 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-32-15-2)., with a density of 37.4 g/cm³.
#110 Ds — 鐽 (Darmstadtium / 簡:𫟼) (281 u)
Period 7 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁹ 7s¹
Darmstadtium (symbol Ds, atomic number 110) is a transition metal in Period 7, Group 10 with a standard atomic weight of 281 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁹ 7s¹ (shells: 2-8-18-32-32-17-1)., with a density of 34.8 g/cm³.
#111 Rg — 錀 (Roentgenium / 簡:𬬭) (282 u)
Period 7 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s¹
Roentgenium (symbol Rg, atomic number 111) is a transition metal in Period 7, Group 11 with a standard atomic weight of 282 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s¹ (shells: 2-8-18-32-32-18-1)., with a density of 28.7 g/cm³.
#112 Cn — 鎶 (Copernicium / 簡:鿔) (285 u)
Period 7 Transition Metal with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s²
Copernicium (symbol Cn, atomic number 112) is a transition metal in Period 7, Group 12 with a standard atomic weight of 285 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² (shells: 2-8-18-32-32-18-2). Its melting point is 9.85 °C (283 K) and boiling point is 66.85 °C (340 K), with a density of 14 g/cm³.
#113 Nh — 鉨 (Nihonium / 簡:鿭) (286 u)
First element discovered and named in Asia — synthesized at RIKEN in Japan
Nihonium (symbol Nh, atomic number 113) is a post-transition metal in Period 7, Group 13 with a standard atomic weight of 286 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p¹ (shells: 2-8-18-32-32-18-3). Its melting point is 426.85 °C (700 K) and boiling point is 1126.85 °C (1400 K), with a density of 16 g/cm³.
#114 Fl — 鈇 (Flerovium / 簡:𫓧) (289 u)
Period 7 Post-Transition Metal with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p²
Flerovium (symbol Fl, atomic number 114) is a post-transition metal in Period 7, Group 14 with a standard atomic weight of 289 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p² (shells: 2-8-18-32-32-18-4). Its melting point is -73.15 °C (200 K) and boiling point is 106.85 °C (380 K), with a density of 14 g/cm³.
#115 Mc — 鏌 (Moscovium / 簡:镆) (290 u)
Period 7 Post-Transition Metal with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p³
Moscovium (symbol Mc, atomic number 115) is a post-transition metal in Period 7, Group 15 with a standard atomic weight of 290 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p³ (shells: 2-8-18-32-32-18-5). Its melting point is 396.85 °C (670 K) and boiling point is 1126.85 °C (1400 K), with a density of 13.5 g/cm³.
#116 Lv — 鉝 (Livermorium / 簡:𫟷) (293 u)
Period 7 Post-Transition Metal with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴
Livermorium (symbol Lv, atomic number 116) is a post-transition metal in Period 7, Group 16 with a standard atomic weight of 293 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴ (shells: 2-8-18-32-32-18-6). Its melting point is 435.85 °C (709 K) and boiling point is 811.85 °C (1085 K), with a density of 12.9 g/cm³.
#117 Ts — 鿬 (Tennessine) (294 u)
Period 7 Halogen with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁵
Tennessine (symbol Ts, atomic number 117) is a halogen in Period 7, Group 17 with a standard atomic weight of 294 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁵ (shells: 2-8-18-32-32-18-7). Its melting point is 449.85 °C (723 K) and boiling point is 609.85 °C (883 K), with a density of 7.2 g/cm³.
#118 Og — 鿫 (Oganesson) (294 u)
Period 7 Noble Gas with electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁶
Oganesson (symbol Og, atomic number 118) is a noble gas in Period 7, Group 18 with a standard atomic weight of 294 u and ground-state electron configuration [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁶ (shells: 2-8-18-32-32-18-8). Its melting point is 51.85 °C (325 K) and boiling point is 176.85 °C (450 K), with a density of 7 g/cm³.